2026-LU07 Embedded AI-Powered Marine Biodiversity Monitoring

PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

  • Development of rapid and automated scene anomaly detection with a focus on identifying differences in biota and anthropogenic features.  
  • Utilising the above, specific near-realtime automated identification and measurements of benthic anthropogenic debris, scallop detection and nephrops norvegicus burrow identification and network detection. 
  • Integration of a hyperspectral sensor into the current NNEMO system. 

Overview

This PhD project will advance computer vision and edge-AI for real-time, low-cost marine environmental monitoring. In collaboration with Cefas (the Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science), a global leader in marine science, the research will develop scalable embedded vision systems to enhance benthic biodiversity monitoring and detect anthropogenic debris. The core challenge lies in designing robust edge-AI sensors and algorithms capable of classifying benthic features and indicator taxa under complex underwater conditions, while reducing reliance on expensive cloud infrastructure. 

The project will also explore the integration of hyperspectral imaging into biodiversity monitoring platforms. This will enable the development of algorithms for detecting taxa-specific health indicators (e.g., in seagrass species or soft corals such as Pink Sea Fan), offering more objective measures of benthic faunal health in UK waters than currently available. 

Building on the Neural Network Enhanced Marine Observation system (NNEMO)—a working prototype spatial camera system for shallow waters—the project will extend its current capabilities. While NNEMO already classifies and counts indicator taxa such as sea pens, the next phase will incorporate simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM), hyperspectral imaging, and debris classification using in-house trained deep learning models deployed on embedded devices. 

The demand for such systems arises from the high cost of vessel deployment and the time-consuming manual analysis of imagery, both of which limit data collection. Existing vision-based solutions also depend heavily on cloud infrastructure and specialist expertise. By contrast, a scalable, embedded computer vision system that analyses imagery in real time can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of nearshore vegetation assessment, shellfish stock monitoring, debris detection, and epibenthic biodiversity surveys. 

Project Objectives: 

  • Calibrate spatial AI algorithms, correcting for seawater and lens distortion. 
  • Develop a SLAM pipeline and estimate organism volumes and debris dimensions from point clouds. 
  • Create detection and measurement algorithms for scallops, benthic debris, and Nephrops norvegicus burrows. 
  • Integrate algorithms into the NNEMO system and test on drop-down cameras and low-cost AUVs. 
  • Integrate and calibrate a hyperspectral sensor for subsea environments. 

This project is a CENTA Flagship Project.

Case funding

This project is suitable for CASE funding

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How to apply

Each host has a slightly different application process.
Find out how to apply for this studentship.

All applications must include the CENTA application form.
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The PhD candidate will utilize the Depth AI Python library and SDK, alongside OpenCV and deep learning platforms such as PyTorch, in a tank-testing environment to establish stereo calibration for the NNEMO platform’s native image depth model. These calibrated spatial models will be deployed during Nephrops norvegicus and Scallop (Pecten maximus) surveys in 2026 to capture depth-enabled seabed footage. Additionally, the spatial imagery collected from these surveys, combined with data from marine protected area surveys, will support the development of models for benthic anthropogenic debris detection, scallop identification and tracking, and N. norvegicus burrow identification and network mapping. 

A key objective will be to develop a pipeline for estimating organism volumes using stereo-derived image depth calculations. The models and algorithms created will then be integrated with other NNEMO platform functionalities to facilitate real-time testing. 

DRs will be awarded CENTA Training Credits (CTCs) for participation in CENTA-provided and ‘free choice’ external training. One CTC can be earned per 3 hours training, and DRs must accrue 100 CTCs across the three and a half years of their PhD.  

In addition to CENTA training opportunities, this PhD project will provide extensive training in artificial intelligence, computer vision, and embedded AI, with a specific focus on their application in real-time marine monitoring systems. The candidate will gain advanced skills in developing deep learning and computer vision models for underwater object detection and classification. Additionally, they will acquire expertise in robotics and embedded systems, focusing on edge computing for data collection and analysis. Through interdisciplinary collaboration with Cefas, the candidate will gain related knowledge in marine science and develop practical skills in deploying AI technologies in challenging environments such as marine applications. 

  1. Cefas, an executive agency of Defra with over 500 staff and 80 PhD students, is a global leader in marine science, shaping policy through world-renowned research and collaborations.  
  2. The Marine Biological Association (MBA) also leads internationally in marine science, education, and conservation, advancing understanding of marine ecosystems and guiding protection efforts.  
  3. Loughborough University’s Department of Computer Science holds a global reputation for impactful research, with 100% of its impact rated world-leading or internationally excellent in REF2021. Lead supervisor Professor Qinggang Meng, with expertise in AI, robotics, and computer vision, will be supported by complementary expertise from Cefas. 

Year 1: Literature Review,  and Initial feasibility studies 

  • Months 1-3: Conduct an extensive literature review on AI, and computer vision and their applications on marine monitoring.  Define research questions and goals in conjunction with Cefas ecologists. 
  • Months 4-6: Identify and gather relevant datasets. Get familiar with the NNEMO system. Set up the hardware and software environment.  
  • Months 7-12: Begin initial data analysis and develop preliminary models. Conduct feasibility studies.  

In year 1, the student also needs to complete any required training (courses, workshops). 

Year 2: Algorithms and models for scallop detection, N.  norvegicus burrow identification, and benthic anthropogenic debris measurement  

  • Months 13-15: Refine models or algorithms for scallop detection, iterating based on initial findings. Collect new data if necessary. 
  • Months 16-19: Develop Nephrops norvegicus burrow identification and network detection algorithms 
  • Months 20-22: Calibrate NNEMO stereo system for subsea spatial measurement. Develop deep learning algorithms for SLAM using NNEMO system, test benthic anthropogenic debris measurement  
  • Months 23-24:  Prepare paper (s)  for conferences. 

Year 3:  Implement algorithms on an embedded AI board and conduct final experiments, result analysis, and thesis writing 

  • Months 25-26: Integrate the algorithms with the NNEMO system and AUV platform 
  • Months 27-29: Complete final experiments and refine models and algorithms according to the experimental data. 
  • Months 30-31: Conduct data analysis and comparison with the state of the art methods, write a conference paper.  

Months 32-36: Write a journal paper, and finish the PhD thesis writing up. 

Zhou, Y, Li, B, Wang, J, Rocco, E, Meng, Q (2022) Discovering Unknowns: Context-enhanced Anomaly Detection for Curiosity-driven Autonomous Underwater Exploration, Pattern Recognition, Vol.131, 108860. DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2022.108860.

H. Gary Greene, Craig J. Brown, Peter T. Harris, Kim Picard (2023)  ‘Mapping anthropogenic impacts on marine benthic habits’, Continental Shelf Research, Vol 269, 105142

Shenming Qu, Can Cui, Jiale Duan, Yongyong Lu & Zilong Pang (2024), ‘Underwater small target detection under YOLOv8-LA model’, Scientific  Report 14, 16108 

Naseer, Atif, Enrique Nava Baro, Sultan Daud Khan, and Yolanda Vila.(2022) ‘A Novel Detection Refinement Technique for Accurate Identification of Nephrops norvegicus Burrows in Underwater Imagery’ , Sensors 22, no. 12: 4441. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124441 

Tao Song, Cong Pang , Boyang Hou, Guangxu Xu, Junyu Xue, Handan Sun and Fan Meng (2023),  ‘A review of artificial intelligence in marine science’, Frontiers in Earth Science, Volume 11,  https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1090185. 

Further details and How to Apply

For further information about this project, please contact Professor Qinggang Meng ([email protected]).

To apply to this project: 

  • You must include a CV with the names of at least two referees (preferably three) who can comment on your academic abilities.  
  • Please submit your application and complete the host institution application process via: https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/apply/research-applications/   The CENTA Studentship Application Form 2026 and CV, along with other supporting documents required by Loughborough University, can be uploaded at Section 10 “Supporting Documents” of the online portal.  Under Section 4 “Programme Selection” the proposed study centre is Central England NERC Training Alliance.  Please quote 2026-LU07 when completing the application form. 
  • For further enquiries about the application process, please contact the School of Social Sciences & Humanities ([email protected]). 

 Applications must be submitted by 23:59 GMT on Wednesday 7th January 2026. 

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