Project highlights

  • Hone novel methods to track (real-time) and analyse microplastics  
  • Large scale flume studies to investigate the behaviour of microplastics in both the water column & sediment beds 
  • Training in a wide range of ecological methods using state-of-the-art technologies  

Overview

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant of increasing concern that are ubiquitous within freshwater and marine ecosystems. Rivers are recognised as a fundamental transport pathway for MPs; connecting terrestrial plastic sources to marine ecosystems, as well as an area where high levels of biological activity and modification can occur. However, there is little consideration as to the sources and fate of plastics within these freshwater ecosystems. Rivers are subject to plastic pollution from both point (i.e. sewage systems) and diffuse (i.e. agricultural and urban runoff) sources. It is expected that riverbed sediments act as a sink for microplastic debris (1). However, the extent to which riverbeds interact with MPs and their entrapment rates will be governed by many physical, biological and chemical factors. Colonisation studies of plastic debris by microbial biofilms have shown to cause buoyant polymers to sink (2,3). Equally, microbial biofilms over riverbed sediment will influence MP infiltration and settling rates. Nevertheless, the relative importance of these processes remains largely unclear with empirical data urgently needed to parametrise models. In this project you will investigate the interactions and feedbacks between riverbed dynamics and MPs. The main aim will be to determine the key variables which contribute to the entrapment and resuspension of MPs within this freshwater ecotone. Different types of plastic particles with different densities will be considered and analysed using novel state-of the-art technology and innovative methods. The release rate and sources of MPs is vital for a more complete understanding and assessment of the hazards posed by these contaminants. As such, the new insights offered by the project have the potential to contribute directly towards new policies relating to water management and environmental conservation.  

Three graphs showing a variety of multicoloured lines

Figure 1: Longitudinal Dispersion in uniform open channel flow of a solute tracer and microplastics compared to Taylors (1953, 1954) classical theory (adapted from Cook et al. (2020)).  

Host

University of Warwick

Theme

  • Organisms and Ecosystems

Supervisors

Project investigator

Jonathan Pearson, School of Engineering, University of Warwick;  [email protected] 

Co-investigators

Gary Bending, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick;  [email protected] 

 Soroush Abolfathi, School of Engineering, University of Warwick;  [email protected] 

How to apply

Methodology

We will use our novel flume systems to investigate and isolate the different mechanistic processes governing the interaction between the riverbed and MPs. We will test different plastic polymers, with a range of densities and sizes, across a range of riverbed systems with unique characteristics (i.e. pore size, biofilm coated, bedform shape). Methods will include metagenomics to analyse biofilm community structure and optical spectral imaging to visualise where the biofilm colonises the different plastic polymers. In addition, we will adopt our newly developed method to track the movement of MPs within our laboratory-based system (4) using fluorescence-based technology, and baseline the MPs results against traditional regulatory approved fluorometric solute tracing techniques. It is important to apply our understanding to the real-world environment. As such, we will also use local rivers and sites across London as a ‘living laboratory’ to collect sediment cores from the river bed & perform regulatory approved tracing tests. 

Training and skills

Students will be awarded CENTA2 Training Credits (CTCs) for participation in CENTA2-provided and ‘free choice’ external training. One CTC equates to 1⁄2 day session and students must accrue 100 CTCs across the three years of their PhD.  

Training will be provided by the supervisory team in a wide range of environmental science approaches and techniques including environmental river processes in physical laboratories based in Warwick, molecular techniques (16S amplicon sequencing), bioinformatics, molecular spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. 

Partners and collaboration

The PhD researcher will have a training placement at Thames 21, an environmental NGO operating in London, delivering environmental pollution management with communities and municipal stakeholders. There will be the opportunity to work closely with the Thames 21 team in their river catchment sites around London; collecting  sediment cores and exploring plastic management solutions.  

Further details

Further details on how to contact the supervisor for this project and how to apply for this project can be found here: 

For any enquiries related to this project please contact Jonathan Pearson, School of Engineering, University of Warwick; [email protected].  

To apply to this project: 

  • You must include a CENTA studentship application form, downloadable from: CENTA Studentship Application Form 2024. 
  • You must include a CV with the names of at least two referees (preferably three) who can comment on your academic abilities. 
  • Please submit your application and complete the host institution application process via: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/study/pgr/studentships/nerccenta/ Complete the online application form – selecting course code P-C1PB (Life Sciences PhD); from here you will be taken through to another screen where you can select your desired project. Please enter “NERC studentship” in the Finance section and add Nikki Glover, [email protected] as the scholarship contact. Please also complete the CENTA application form 2024 and submit via email to [email protected].  Please quote CENTA 2024-W11 when completing the application form. 

 

Applications must be submitted by 23:59 GMT on Wednesday 10th January 2024. 

Possible timeline

Year 1

Mesocosm and biofilm community studies to develop process level understanding of the environmental pathways and interactions of microplastics 

Year 2

Targeted extraction and analysis of microplastics from riverbed cores to investigate their environmental fate and temporal / spatial distribution 

Year 3

Integration and ecological interpretation 

Further reading

Cook, S., Chen, H.L., Abolfathi, S., Bending, G.D, Schäfer, H., Pearson, J.M. Longitudinal dispersion of microplastics in aquatic flows using fluorometric techniques, Water Research Volume 170, 1 March 2020, 115337  – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115337  

Microplastic transport dynamics in surcharging and overflowing manholes, 2023, B Stride, C Dykes, S Abolfathi, M Jimoh, GD Bending, J Pearson.  Science of The Total Environment 899, 165683 – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165683  

Modelling microplastic and solute transport in vegetated flows: Dispersion of polyethylene in submerged model canopies, 2023, B Stride, S Abolfathi, MGN Odara, GD Bending, J Pearson. Water Resources Research, e2023WR034653 – https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR034653  

COVID-19

Although the proposed project will principally based in a physical laboratory (with large scale flumes), we also have instrumented field sites available (e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwQJKMNKbgA, with specialist measurement equipment) if Covid dictates that indoor laboratory work is no longer possible.