I am interested in the deep evolutionary history of animals and phytoplankton, and links to the physical environment including palaeogeography and climate. I have made new discoveries by exploring the rich untapped record of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs), extractable from mudstones using innovative laboratory techniques, and through fieldwork in Canada, China and Vietnam, including work on exceptionally preserved Cambrian biotas. Research in these topics reveals the fundamental construction of ecosystems that have persisted for hundreds of millions of years, but are threatened by humans at the present day.